It’s been a while since I put up a big list of grammatical terms, so here are a list of the different types of participle. A participle is that part of speech where a verb is used as a noun or an adjective. If the verb is “drive”, then the participle is “driver” or “while driving”.
In second year Greek, a number of other uses for the participle are introduced:
- adjectival - the driver
- adverbial (temporal - when he was driving / causal - because he was driving) -
- telic / final - indicates purpose: he was there to drive
- conditional - used in the if clause of a conditional statement - if you drive
- concessive - though we were driving
- instrumental - by driving
- complementary - completes the idea of the man verb in the sentence: I keep on driving
- imperatival - always be driving
- periphrastic - this one is a bit trickier: it’s used with the verb “to be” to express when the participial action is taking place; you have been driving
- of attendant circumstance - introduce a new action, and focus attention back on the main verb in the sentence: drive, and sort out your problems
- participial absolute - a separate clause to the rest of the sentence: after he had driven, they gathered in the car park